What are the Main Parts of an Engine | What is the Function of the Piston in an Engine | What does the Camshaft do

Main Engine Parts:

• Cylinder Block and Crank case
• Cylinder Head
• Sump or Oil Pan
• Manifolds – Inlet and Exhaust
• Gaskets
• Cylinders and Liners (Dry and Wet)
• Pistons
• Piston Rings
• Connecting Rods
• Piston pins
• Crankshaft
• Main Bearings
• Valves and Valve – actuating mechanisms
• Catalytic converter, Muffler and Tail pipe

Functions of Piston:

• To transmit the force of explosion to the crankshaft
• To form a seal so that high pressure gases in the combustion chamber do not leak into the crankcase
• To serve as a guide and a bearing for small end of the connecting rod.

Piston Requirements:

• Should be silent in operation both during warming up and the normal running
• Design should be such that the seizure does not occur
• Should offer sufficient resistance to corrosion
• Shortest possible length
• Light in weight
• High thermal conductivity
• Long life

Methods to avoid Piston Slap:

• Use of Horizontal / Inclined slots
• Use of vertical or T-Slots
• Taper pistons
• Oval pistons
• Use of Special alloys
• Wire-wound pistons
• Autothermic pistons
• Bi-metal pistons
• Offset piston

Special Pistons:

• Pistons with inserted ring carrier
• Cast steel pistons
• Anodized pistons
• Tinned Pistons
• Oil-Cooled pistons
• Two-piece Pistons
• Composite insulated (heat shielded) pistons
• Squeeze cast pistons
• Aeconoguide pistons

Types of Piston Failure:

• Piston scuffing
• Burnt piston
• Damage to ring land
• Damaged piston boss and circlip groove

Functions of Piston rings:

• To form a seal for the high pressure gases from the combustion chamber against leak into the crankcase
• To provide easy passage for heat flow from the piston crown to the cylinder walls
• To maintain sufficient lubricating oil on cylinder walls throughout the entire length of piston travel

Types of Rings:

• Compression Rings
• Plain
• Taper face
• Torsional wrist
• Scraper type torsional twist
• Taper face torsional twist
• Keystone type
• Oil control Rings:
• Bevelled
• Stepped Scraper
• Slotted scraper
• Delayed action scraper
• Double action scraper
• Composite rail scraper

Cause of Ring Failure:

• Rapid Wear
• Scuffing
• Ring Breakage

Connecting Rod:

It’s function is to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft

Piston Pin:

It connects the piston and the connecting rod. It also called as “Gudgeon pin”.

Crankshaft:

It is the engine component from which power is taken

Crankshaft assembly:

Includes the crankshaft and Bearings, flywheel, vibration damper, sprocket or gear to drive camshaft and oil seals at front and rear

Main parts of Crankshaft:

• Main Journals
• Crank Pins
• Crank Webs
• Counter Weights
• Oil Holes

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